The size and dimensions of the auxiliary propulsion hydraulic cylinder vary depending on the TBM's size and capacity.
Typically, these cylinders are large and robust to withstand the immense forces encountered during tunneling. They may have a bore diameter ranging from several inches to several feet, and their overall length can be several meters.
Pressure Rating:
One of the most critical specifications of the hydraulic cylinder is its pressure rating. Due to the heavy-duty nature of TBM operations, these cylinders must be capable of withstanding extremely high hydraulic pressures. Pressure ratings can range from 3,000 to 7,000 psi (pounds per square inch) or even higher, depending on the specific TBM design and requirements.
Material and Construction:
The materials used for constructing the hydraulic cylinder are typically high-strength steel alloys, such as chrome-plated or nickel-chromium steel, which offer excellent durability and resistance to wear and corrosion. The cylinder is designed to handle the rigors of underground tunneling, including exposure to abrasive soil and rocks.
Seals and Gaskets:
To prevent hydraulic fluid leaks and maintain the cylinder's performance, high-quality seals and gaskets are used.
These seals are often made from materials like nitrile rubber or polyurethane, which can withstand the hydraulic fluid's pressure and temperature fluctuations.
Mounting and Connection:
The hydraulic cylinder is securely mounted within the TBM's structure, and its connections to the hydraulic system are designed to minimize the risk of leaks or failures. These connections are usually made using robust fittings and flanges that can handle the high-pressure hydraulic lines.
Stroke Length:
The stroke length of the auxiliary propulsion hydraulic cylinder is another important specification. It determines how far the cylinder can extend or retract, allowing for precise control over the TBM's movement. The stroke length is chosen to match the TBM's design and excavation requirements.
Speed and Control:
TBM operators need precise control over the hydraulic cylinder's movement. Speed and control specifications are crucial, as they determine how quickly the TBM can advance through the tunnel and make necessary adjustments. Advanced hydraulic systems and proportional control valves are often employed to ensure smooth and accurate operation.